Electrical apparatus



May 1, 1951 M. c. SUPITILOV ET AL ELECTRICAL APPARATUS F iled May 25, 1947 3 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTORS MICHAEL C. SUP/7K0 POBL'PT H. LARSON. 69 Q m A TTORNEY y 1, 1951 M. c. SUEHTILOV ET AL 2,551,350

ELECTRICAL APPARATUS Filed May 25, 1947 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 DUODDGUDDUDODDBDUDDDDGDDDDDD DDUDDDDDDUDDDDUDUDDU INVENTORS: MICHAEL C..SUP/T/L0l ROBERT H. LARSON.

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a an: olnaaaoaaaaolaauulaaa 00.000110004110110 I can May 1, 1951 M. c. SUPITILOV ET AL ELECTRICAL APPARATUS 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed May 25, 1947 RIF mi mww 3v. E:

INVENTORS MICHAEL C. SUP/T/LOV. BY ROBERT H. LARSON. 6P 18% A TTOPNEY.

Patented May 1, 1951 ELECTRICAL APPARATUS Michael C. Supitilov, St. Charles, and Robert H. Larson, Batavia, Ill., assignors to Operadio Manufacturing 00., St. Charles, 111., a corporation of Illinois Application May 23, 1947, Serial No. 749,936

7 Claims.

This invention relates to an electrical apparatus and particularly to an apparatus for providing control deformations in a control track in a picture film for use in connection with synchronized sound and irregularly intermittent picture projection. In the copending application of Michael C. Supitilov, Ser. No. 653,501, filed March 11, 1946, a synchronized sound reproducing and picture projection system is disclosed and claimed. In this application, a conventional length of strip film i used for intermittent picture projection. In addition to picture frames which are to be projected at irregular times during sound reproduction, a control track on said film is provided. The control track provides for film deformations spaced at suitable intervals along the length of film. As disclosed in said application, a portion of the film is continuously and synchronously advanced with a sound record during reproduction. The synchronized portion of the film is spaced from theframe being projected at that particular time. The continuous and synchronized movement of film bearing the control track past a control point makes it possible to provide for governing the duration of projection of a corresponding picture frame.

} The invention hereinafter disclosed and claimed provides an apparatus whereby film deformations may be applied on a control track. While the system disclosed herein is specifically designed for providing film deformations by photographic means, it will be understood that other deformations, such as slits in film or magnetized portions of a control track, may be similarly provided.

The invention, in general, provides apparatus whereby a sound record to be used in conjunction with a strip film is matched thereto. Simultaneously with sound reproduction, film having a blank control track is moved past a deforming region in synchronism with'sound record movement. An operator familiar with desired synchronization of sound record and picture frames has control means for creating film deformations at spaced points along the film during record reproduction.

For a complete description of the invention, reference will now be made to the drawings wherein Figure 1 is a perspective view of a complete apparatus embodying the invention. Figure' 2 is a phantom view, partly diagrammatic, of certain portions of the apparatus. Figure 3 is a detail of a developed film after bein processed by the apparatusshown in Figure 1. Figure 4 is a perspective diagrammatic view of a system for combining the film shown in Figure 3 with a conventional strip film. Figure 5 is a detail of a film having mixed therein in proper relation a strip film of pictures and film containing control track deformations. Figure 6 is a simplified diagrammatic showing of the electrical system of the apparatus shown in Figure 1. Figure 7 is a circuit diagram in detail of the electrical portion of the system shown in Figure 1.

Referring first to Figure 1, the apparatus comprises case [0 having top panel I l upon which are mounted in cooperating relation phonograph turntable I2 and phonograph pick-up arm l3 equipped with conventional pick-up and stylus. Case II! has front panel [5 containing light-tight compartment [6, access to which may be obtained by hinged door [1. Disposed in compartment l6 are spaced reels l9 and 20. Idler 2| and sprocket 22 cooperate to move film past gate 24.

As will be explained in detail later, sprocket 22 is driven in synchronism with turntable l2 so that the film passes gate 24 in timed relation to turntable movement.

Case ID carries speaker 26, this speaker being fed by a suitable amplifier so that reproduction of sound records on turntable l2 may be provided. The volume of reproduction of speaker 26 may be controlled by knob 21. Jack 28 for head phones or remote speaker is provided.

Film deformations, such as by momentary flashes of light on unexposed film in the control track, may be provided at suitable times during sound reproduction. Such means for generating film deformations may include switch 29 and control knob 30. Thus, in order to use the apparatus, record 33 i disposed on turntable l2. For accurate timing, it is preferred to provide record 33 with some indicia such as an arrow II to show the starting point for reproduction. It is understood that the needle of the pickup carried by tone arm l3 will be placed upon the outermost groove of the record. Film 34 in strip form is provided for cooperation with sprocket 22. This film may be the same type of film as used in connection with projection although this is not essential and may, for example, consist of 35 millimeter film having sprocket holes along the two sides. It is understood, however, that this is merely exemplary, and other kind of film may be used.

Film 34 is provided by the apparatus here disclosed with starting deformation 35 corresponding to the starting position of the stylus on record 33. Deformation 35 may assume any form and here consists simply of an arrow-head of exposed film against a background of blank film.

Mark may be positioned along any desired transverse portion of the film. As shown here, starting deformation 35 is disposed along one serie 36 of sprocket holes. Control track 31 adjacent other series 38 of sprocket holes may be used for controlling the projection time of individual frames. Control track 31 has deformations 40 at irregular intervals along the length thereof, thei ntervals corresponding in time to the duration of exposure of corresponding picture frames. Thus, for each particular picture frame to be exposed, a particular deformation is provided, this deformation determining the begin-'- ning of exposure time for the corresponding picture frame, the exposure time being terminated by a succeeding deformation. The deformations here consist simply of exposed spots along blank control track 3?. 7

Film strip 34 shown in Figure 3 only carries control deformations, and the control track with it deformations must be combined with suitable picture frames for use in projection. Thus, ref ferring to Figure 4, a simple means is shown for printing a combined picture and control track film. Referring to this figure, film 34 with its control track is moved by sprocket 44 beyond gate 46. Picture film 56 having frames 5[ for projection is moved by sprocket 53 beyond gate 54. It is understood that gate 46 is so constructed as to cooperate with control track 31 and the other edge portion of the film containing sprocket holes 36. Similarly, gate 54 is so constructed as to cooperate with the picture frame track.

Superimposed upon film 34 and picture film 56 is blank film 56, also moved by sprockets 44 and 53 respectively, both sprocket turning equally. Film has picture frames printed thereon at gate 54 and has control film deformations printed at gate 46. Thus, film 56, after passing the two gatesand "being exposed, will have a composite of control track deformations and picture frames thereon. For proper positioning of the deformations with respect to film frames on the composite film, it is essential that film 34 and film 50 be so positioned that a control deformation has thedesired offset, along the film length, with respect to its corresponding picture frame.

The resulting film, when developed, may be the final strip or master strip 58 containing picture frames 59, starting deformation 60 and control deformations 6|, the latter lying along control track 62. As shown in Figure 5, the film is exposed along the sides adjacent the sprocket holes to provide a dark background with transparent deformations. This, however, may be reversed if desired. It is evident that, if strip 58 is to be regarded as a master strip, it may be handled in a conventional manner for duplication and the prints may be either positive or negative.

Referring now in detail to the mechanism,

turntable I2 is carried on spindle geared to motor 66. Motor 66 is preferably of the type used in phonograph work providing a constant speed. Motor 66 also drives flexible shaft 6'lat any desired speed with relation to spindle 65. Flexible shaft 6'! drives friction discs 68 carried on shaft 69 for sprocket 22. Friction discs 68 engage disc 10 on shaft H driving take-up reel 20. Supply reel l9 and idler 2| are both mounted in any desired fashion.

Referring to Figure 6, a simplified electrical system is shown. Thus, the output of the phonograph pick-up is fed to audio frequency amplifier T5, and the amplified output is fed to speaker 26. The audio frequency amplifier includes vacuum tubes requiring rectified high potential. To this end, power supply 11 energized from any power source, such as the conventional 110 volt, 60 cycle line 78, may be relied upon. Power supply 11 has terminal connected to the apparatus ground, and remaining terminal 8| connected by lead 82 to audio frequency amplifier 15. The amplifier is grounded by lead 83.

The high potential direct current from power supply 1'! may also be utilized in connection with the generation of film deformations. To this end, line 82 is connectedthrough resistor 85 to junction 86;. Junction '86 has grounded condenser 61 connected thereto. Junction 86 is also connected through manual switch 29 to grounded lamp 88. Lamp 88 cooperates wtih gate or lens system 89 for providing a fi'ne beam of light on control track 31 of film 34. Lamp 88 may be of the incandescent filament type.

It isevident that, upon closure of switch 29, lamp 88 will carry discharge current from condenser 87. By suitable choice of condenser and lamp, an intense highly actinic flash from lamp 83 may be provided for exposing a film spot. Suitable resistance may be included in series with the lamp to control the discharge current as well as time of discharge. Resistor 85 preferably has such a alue as to permit condenser 81 to be fully charged before any possible succeeding film deformation may be required. As a practical matter, it is unlikely that successive picture frames will be changed quicker than once every second or two seconds for sound reproduction at normal speed. By making the time constant of the combination of resistor 85 and condenser 81 about one-third or one-half second, satisfactory results may be obtained. It is preferred to have the duration and intensity of flash due to lamp 88 independent of the closure time of switch 29-. Thus, the flash may have a duration 'of about one-thousandth of a second as one example, it being understood that the duration may be longer or shorter. Switch 29, ma be a sna'p-a'ctin'g type toprovide a constant'switch action.

The gear ratio between turntable l2 and sprockets 22 may be such that film 34 is 'moved past gate 89 'at acomparatively slow speed, such as several inches per minute. At 'this speed, 'a quick intense fiash from lamp 88' will result'in a sha'rp spot in film. In general, however, the definition of the exposed region is of no importance.

Referring now to Figure 7, a circuit diagram of the system shown generally in Figure 6 is provided. Thus, terminal 96 is connected to the high side of a phonograph pick-up. Terminal 90 isconnected to a ground terminal through res'istor9l forming part of a volume control. Resistor 9| has wiper {l2 cooperating therewith, this wiper being connected by lead "93 'to control grid 94 of amplifier95'a in tube-95. This amplifier has cathode -96 connected to ground through bias resistor 91 by p'assed-by condenser 98, This amplifier has anode 99 connected by lead I06 to junction IUI. Junction [0| is connected through blocking condenser I62 to phone jack I03 and thence to control grid 164 of amplifier I05. Amplifier I05 has cathode 166 connected to ground through bias resistor I01 by-passedby condenser I08. Control grid I64 is connected to ground through'grid resistor H0. Amplifier I05 has accelerating electrode I I connected by lead H2 to junction H3. Lead H2 is connected through dropping resistor H 4 back to junction I01.

Amplifier l'05has anodel l6 connected through 5. primary 1 I1 of output transformer H8 to junction II9. Transformer H8 has secondary I20 going to speaker 26.

Junctions IIBand H9 are connected together through dropping resistor I22, and these two junctions are connected respectively to grounded filter condensers I23 and I24. Junction H9 is connected through resistor I25 and resistor I26 to lead I21 going to cathodes I28 of full-wave rectifier I29. Resistors I25 and I26 have their common junction connected to grounded filter condenser I30.

Rectifier I29 has heater filaments I3I connected to winding I32 of power supply transformer I33. Transformer I33 has filament winding I34 for energizing the filaments of tubes 95, and I05. Transformer I33 has high potential secondary I35 having center I36 grounded and the terminals connected to rectifier anodes I31 and I39 respectively. Transformer I35 has primary I40 connected to wires MI and I42 for energization. Wire I45 has lead I43 branching from it and going to phonograph motor 56. Wire I42 is connected through main switch I45 to wire I46 of the main power line.

Referring now to amplifier 951), there is provided cathode I45, control grid I49 and anode I59. Cathode I48 is connected to ground through bias resistor I5I. Control grid I49 is connected to ground through grid resistor I52 and is also connected through blocking condenser I53 to junction I54. Junction I54 has condenser I55 connected between it and ground. Junction I54 is also connected through isolating resistor I51 to switch contact I58 adapted to play over a series of contacts I59 to I63 inclusive. These contacts are connected to a resistance network consisting of resistors I64 to I69 inclusive connected in series between wire I and ground. Wire I10 goes to junction I1I to which resistor I12 is connected. Resistor I12 is connected to condenser I13, this condenser itself being connected to junction I54.

Across condenser I 13 is connected gas tube I15. In this particular instance, anode I16 is connected to resistor I12, while the cathode is connected to junction I54. Such tubes have the property of breaking down at a predetermined potential, and may be used as the active element of a relaxation type oscillator.

Anode I16 of gas tube I is connected by lead I18 to anode I50 of amplifier 95b. Anode I50 i connected through condenser I8I and resistor I82 to junction I83. Junction I83 is connected to ground through resistor I84 and is connected to wiper 92 through condenser I85.

Referring now to junction I1I, lead I86 connects this junction to limit resistance I81 and thence to leads I86 and I21 going to cathode I28 of the rectifier. Grounded filter condenser I90 is connected to lead I88. Between lead I86 and ground, regulator tube I9! is connected. The connection is such that anode I92 is connected to lead I86 while cathode I93 is grounded.

Connected to junction I 54 is lead I94 going to switch 29 (Figure 1). The other terminal of switch 29 is connected by lead I96 to movable contact I91 of a selector switch. Movable contact I91 cooperates with fixed contact I98 going to grounded lamp 200. Movable contact I91 is also adapted to cooperate with contact I going to grounded lamp 202. Mechanically tied to movable contact I91 is movable contact 204 connected by lead205 to lead I42. Movable contact 204 cooperates in one position with fixed contact 206 connected by lead 201 to phonograph motor 6. 66. Movable contact 204 has a dead position as indicated.

The operation of the switching portion of the system will first be'described. Assume that movable contacts I91 and 204 are in the dotted line position. If main switch I45 is closed, it will be evident that the circuit to phonograph motor 66 will be open. In this condition, the system is then adjusted so that the phonograph pick-up needle is at the outermost groove of the record and the record is aligned preferably so that arrow I4 points toward the pick-up. It is assumed that unexposed film has been properly positioned in the device under dark room conditions and that a portion of the film is adjacent gate 24. The system is now in condition for starting operation. Switch 29 is pressed and causes lamp 202' to be flashed. This results in an image resulting in starting-deformation 35 being created on the film.

Contacts I91 and 204 are next thrown to the full-line position shown in Figure '1. In this position, the phonograph motor circuit is closed and causes the turntable to rotate. At the same time, film is fed at a constant rate past gate 24. Lamp 200 can now be flashed by switch 29 to create'control deformations 40 on the film. It is assumed that an operator familiar with the desired synchronization will operate switch 29. Thus, it will be evident that the system is interlocked in such a manner that normal control deformations can be secured only when the phonograph turntable is rotating and when the film is moving.

The energy for flashing either of lamps 200 or 282 is obtained from condenser I55 which corresponds to condenser 81 in Figure 6. It is understood that switch 29 provides a closure time large in comparison to the flash time of the lamps. Resistor I51 and any one or more of the resistors in the network controlled by switch contact I58 corresponds to resistor in Figure 6. Junction I1I may be considered as a source of constant potential for charging condenser I55.

Resistor I12, condenser I13 and gas tube I15 together form part of a relaxation oscillator circuit. Thus, current from junction I1I will flow through resistor I12 to anode I16 of the gas: tube. Condenser I13 will be charged at the begin ning of a relaxation cycle until the potential across the gas tube is sufiicient to cause the tube to break down. The momentary discharge shortcircuits condenser I13, and the potential across the gas tube drops to a low value. By proper choice of the value of resistor I12 and condenser I 13, gas tube I15 may be made to oscillate at any desired frequency within the range at which such devices operate. Thus, as an example, a frequency of about 3000 cycles per econd may be provided.

Anode I16 of gas tube I15 is connected by wire I18 to anode I59 of amplifier 951). Under normal conditions, bias resistor I5! has a sufiiciently low value so that amplifier 951) has substantial space current. By proper design, it is possible to have the potential difference between anode I50 and junction I54, under normal conditions, too low to break down gas tube :15. However, upon closure of switch I and discharge of condenser I 55, the potential of junction !54 and the cathode of gas tube I15 is dropped to ground. I This sudden drop of potentialof junction I54 is communicated through blocking condenser I53 to control grid I49 of amplifier 95b. The negative pulse is sufiicient to cut-off amplifier 95b.i.Thusg 7 the potential at anode 1 50 and anode I16 rises and the potential at junction I54 and the-cathode of tube I15 drops and permits the relaxation oscillator to function; The-period of cut-oil for amplifier 951) may be adjusted by controlling the time'constant of condenser I53 and grid resistor 152*. Preferably, this time constant may be so selected as to permitthe relaxation oscillator to generate audible-frequencies for a short period or time; such as a fractionof a second. Thus, if the-relaxation oscillator generates a 3000 cycle wave for about one-fourth of a second, a definite and piercing note will be reproduced by the speaker. This is due to the connection from anode N6 of the relaxation oscillator through lead I18, blocking condenser l8l and resistor I82 to junction I83 and thence, through block ing condenser I85, to the input of audio fre quency amplifier 95.

It will be noted that, if either lamp 230 or 202 is burned out, no exposure of the film becomes possible, and the operation of the relaxation oscillator is prevented. Thus, the operator can sense the condition of the system.

In the event that the operator desires to monitor the system through a head-phone in addition to the speaker, jack Ill-t may be used.

What is claimed is:

1. In an apparatus for deforming film at predetermined placeson a narrow portion to function as a control track in the finished film for use in a synchronized sound reproducing and picture projection system, the combination of a sound reproducingsystem including means for moving a sound record during reprodu ction, K

means for moving unexposed film in timed relation to a sound record, a film gate cooperating with said narrow portion of" said film, means including a light source and an electric switch for providing a constant exposure time on said film portion, said means including delay means for disabling said exposing means for a constant time immediately following an exposure, said disabling time being long in comparison to the exposure time, said switch having a manual control and having means for closing the switch contacts for a constant time longer than any exposure time upon manual switch operation, signal means to indicate an exposure and means controlled by said switch for energizing said indicating means when an exposure is made.

2. In a system of the character described, means for moving unexposed film strip at a constant rate, a film gate cooperating with a narrow portion to function as a control track on said finished film, a lamp for exposing said film at said gate, means for energizing said lamp for a fixed time interval, a manual switch for initiating an operating cycle for said energizing means, an audio frequency oscillator and sound reproducer, means for rendering said oscillator normally inoperative, means responsive to a change in the condition of 'said' lamp for rendering said oscillator operative for a short period of time to energize said sound reproducer and give a warning signal whereby an operator may provide film deformations on said narrow portion.

3, In a system of the character described, means for moving an unexposed strip of film at a constant rate, a film gate cooperating with a narrow portion to function as a control track on said film after processing, a lamp for exposing said film at said gate, means including a manual switch. for flashing, said lamp for, a predetermined constant time, a relaxation type oscillator for generating an audio frequency, sound reproducing means coupledto said oscillator and'means responsive to an exposure cycle of said lampfor operating said relaxation oscillator for a brief interval of time.

4; In a system of the character described, ni'eansfor moving unexposed strip film at a uniform rate, a pair of film gates cooperating with two parallel narrow portions to function as-cont'r'o'l' tracks on said film after processing, alamp for each film gate for exposing the-film at acontrol track, switch means for rendering said film moving means operative, a circuit including an exposure switch for flashing a lamp,- switch means interlocked with said-first named switch for connecting one or other lamp in said circuit for flashing the lamp depending upon whether said film moving means is operating or not operating, whereby said last named switch will cause one lampto flash when said film is stationary and will cause the other lamp to flash when said film is moving.

5. In a system of the character described,

' means for moving unexposed film at a uniform rate, a film gate cooperating with a narrow portion to function as a control track on said film after processing, a lamp for exposing the film through said gate, a condenser for storing electric energy, a circuit including an exposure switch for discharging said condenser through said lamp to flash the same, an audio frequency signal generator and a potential source for energizing said generator, connections between said potential source and said lamp flashing con denser, an electron discharge tube having a cathode, control grid and anode, means for con-' necting. the anode and cathode across said generator, said tube when conducting serving to drain off enough current from said generator to disable the same, a resistance-condenser circuit between the control grid and said lamp flashing condenser, the potential across said lamp flashing condenser being impressed on said grid and causing said tube to conduct or cut off depending' upon whether said condenser is charged or discharged respectively, and a speaker fed by said generator, said lamp flashing condenser when dischargedcutting off said tube toinitiate generator operation for operating the speaker, said resistance-condenser circuit having a time constant for causing said tube to conduct to disable said generator whereby when said lamp is flashed said speaker is energized for apredetermined time.

6. The system according to claim 5 wherein a sound reproducing system including means for movinga sound record in timed relation to said unexposed film is provided, said sound reproducing system utilizing said speaker, whereby synchronizing markings on a film may be provided atpredetermined portionsof reproduction from a related sound record'.

7. In a system of the character described,

' means-for moving, a sound record and unexposed film in timed relation, a sound reproducing system including aspeaker, a fine gate cooperating with anarrow portion to function as a control track on said film after processing, a lamp for exposing the film through saidgate, a condenser for storing electric energy, a circuit including an exposure switch for discharging said condenser through saidlamp' to flash the same, an audio frequency generator of. the. relaxation oscillator 75 type, an electron discharge tube having. cathode,

control grid and anode, means for connecting said generator and said lamp flashing condenser across the cathode and anode of said tube, a circuit including a condenser and resistor between the generator and control grid for causing said tube to conduct or cut 011 depending upon potential conditions across the lamp flashing condenser, a source of high potential connected to said lamp flashing condenser, generator and tube, said tube when conducting serving to drain sufficient current from across said generator to disable the same, and connections between said tube and the sound reproducing system for feeding said generator output thereto during the time that said tube is cut off whereby during sound reproduction an operator may operate the lamp flashing switch for discharging the condenser through said lamp, this serving to cut ofi said tube and initiate an operating cycle in said generator, said resistance-condenser circuit in the grid of said tube serving to restore said tube to a conducting condition for disabling the audio frequency generator.

MICHAEL C. SUPITILOV. ROBERT H. LARSON.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS 

